[Ethical and legal aspects of violence against women]. / Aspectos éticos y legales de la violencia sobre la mujer.

Caring for female victims of violence presents health professionals with situations that require careful consideration due to the conflicts raised between the fundamental principles of bioethics. During this process, intermediate courses of action should be adopted in which none of the affected principles is totally compromised, yet always take into account due compliance with legal and deontological regulations. Within these conflicts, the possible impact on the autonomy of the victim must be taken into consideration, conditioned by the relationship of dominance with respect to their aggressor, a fundamental characteristic of gender violence. However, the fact that there is a legal obligation to issue an injury report or to communicate a well-founded suspicion of abuse is not enough to ignore the fact that the person, in this case the victim, must be a participant in the process. As such, the doctor has the obligation to inform his or her patient about this legal requirement, dedicating all the time and attention necessary to ensure that the victim understands the purpose and benefits of complying with this. In any case, and beyond the appropriate adaptation of the professional's conduct to current precepts, the ethical principle of care must be adhered to, by which the best thing the professional can do is to provide the victim with the means to avoid the repetition of new attacks, implementing prevention measures that have their origin in the accurate diagnosis of the situation of violence and in the communication of this to the authorities.

Gestión de los cadáveres durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en España / Management of corpses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain

El brote por el Coronavirus/COVID-19, declarado Emergencia de Salud Pública de Importancia Internacional el 30 de enero de 2020 por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, ha sobrepasado en numerosos países la capacidad de respuesta del sistema sanitario por su alta contagiosidad, y la de gestión de las personas fallecidas por su elevado riesgo de letalidad. Se revisan las principales guías y protocolos promovidos por las instituciones y las principales sociedades científicas, orientados a la contención de la pandemia mediante la adopción de medidas de protección de los profesionales y a la adecuada gestión del alto número de cadáveres. Se analizan los centros especiales de recogida de cadáveres en situación de epidemias y las clasificaciones de los cadáveres en función del riesgo infecto-contagioso. Específicamente se resumen las resoluciones dictadas por las autoridades sanitarias y se describen los protocolos de actuación ante fallecidos durante la pandemia COVID-19, incluyendo las autopsias forenses

The Coronavirus/COVID-19 outbreak, declared a Public Health Emergency of International Importance on January 30, 2020 by the World Health Organization, has in many countries exceeded the capacity of health systems to respond, due to its high contagiousness and the capacity to manage the deceased, due to its high fatality risk. A review is necessary of the principal guidelines and protocols promoted by the institutions and the main scientific societies, aimed at containing the pandemic by adopting professional protection measures and appropriately managing the high number of cadavers. The temporary mortuaries in an epidemic crisis and the classification of bodies according to infectious risk are analysed. In particular the resolutions issued by the health authorities are summarised and the protocols for dealing with deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic are described, including forensic autopsies

Soil Application of a Formulated Biocontrol Rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1606, Induces Soil Suppressiveness by Impacting Specific Microbial Communities.

Biocontrol bacteria can be used for plant protection against some plant diseases. Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1606 (PcPCL1606) is a model bacterium isolated from the avocado rhizosphere with strong antifungal antagonism mediated by the production of 2-hexyl, 5-propil resorcinol (HPR). Additionally, PcPCL1606 has biological control against different soil-borne fungal pathogens, including the causal agent of the white root rot of many woody crops and avocado in the Mediterranean area, Rosellinia necatrix. The objective of this study was to assess whether the semicommercial application of PcPCL1606 to soil can potentially affect avocado soil and rhizosphere microbial communities and their activities in natural conditions and under R. necatrix infection. To test the putative effects of PcPCL1606 on soil eukaryotic and prokaryotic communities, a formulated PcPCL1606 was prepared and applied to the soil of avocado plants growing in mesocosm experiments, and the communities were analyzed by using 16S/ITS metagenomics. PcPCL1606 survived until the end of the experiments. The effect of PcPCL1606 application on prokaryotic communities in soil and rhizosphere samples from natural soil was not detectable, and very minor changes were observed in eukaryotic communities. In the infested soils, the presence of R. necatrix strongly impacted the soil and rhizosphere microbial communities. However, after PcPCL1606 was applied to soil infested with R. necatrix, the prokaryotic community reacted by increasing the relative abundance of few families with protective features against fungal soilborne pathogens and organic matter decomposition (Chitinophagaceae, Cytophagaceae), but no new prokaryotic families were detected. The treatment of PcPCL1606 impacted the fungal profile, which strongly reduced the presence of R. necatrix in avocado soil and rhizosphere, minimizing its effect on the rest of the microbial communities. The bacterial treatment of formulated PcPCL1606 on avocado soils infested with R. necatrix resulted in biological control of the pathogen. This suppressiveness phenotype was analyzed, and PcPCL1606 has a key role in suppressiveness induction; in addition, this phenotype was strongly dependent on the production of HPR.

Immunohistochemical detection of p53 and pp53 Ser392 in canine hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas located in the skin.

BACKGROUND: p53 protein is essential for the regulation of cell proliferation. Aberrant accumulation of it usually occurs in cutaneous malignancies. Mutant p53 is detected by immunohistochemistry because it is more stable than the wild-type p53. However, post-translational modifications of p53 in response to ultraviolet radiation are important mechanisms of wild-type p53 stabilization, leading to positive staining in the absence of mutation. The aims were: 1) to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of p53 and phospho-p53 Serine392 in canine skin endothelial tumours; and 2) to determine if any relationship exists between p53 and phospho-p53 Serine392 overexpression and cell proliferation. RESULTS: p53 and phospho-p53 Serine392 immunolabeling was examined in 40 canine cutaneous endothelial tumours (13 hemangiomas and 27 hemangiosarcomas). Their expression was associated with tumour size, hemangiosarcoma stage (dermal versus hypodermal), histological diagnosis and proliferative activity (mitotic count and Ki-67 index). Statistical analysis revealed a significant increase of p53 immunoreactivity in hemangiosarcomas (median, 74.61%; interquartile range [IQR], 66.97-82.98%) versus hemangiomas (median, 0%; IQR, 0-20.91%) (p < .001) and in well-differentiated hemangiosarcomas (median, 82.40%; IQR, 66.49-83.17%) versus hemangiomas (p = .002). Phospho-p53 Serine392 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in hemangiosarcomas (median, 53.80%; IQR, 0-69.50%) than in hemangiomas (median, 0%; IQR, 0.0%) (p < .001). Positive correlation of the overexpression of p53 and phospho-p53 Serine392 with mitotic count and Ki-67 index was found in the cutaneous vascular tumours (p < .001). The Ki-67 index of the hemangiomas (median, 0.50%; IQR, 0-2.80%) was significantly lower than that of the hemangiosarcomas (median, 34.85%; IQR, 23.88-42.33%) (p < .001), and that specifically of well-differentiated hemangiosarcomas (median, 24.60%; IQR, 15.45-39.35%) (p = .001). Immunolabeling of 18 visceral hemangiosarcomas showed that the p53 (median, 41.59%; IQR, 26.89-64.87%) and phospho-p53 Serine392 (median, 0%; IQR, 0-22.53%) indexes were significantly lower than those of skin (p = .001; p = .006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The p53 and phospho-p53 Serine392overexpression together with high proliferative activity in hemangiosarcomas versus hemangiomas indicated that p53 might play a role in the acquisition of malignant phenotypes in cutaneous endothelial neoplasms in dogs. The Ki-67 index may be useful in distinguishing canine well-differentiated hemangiosarcomas from hemangiomas.

Trastorno facticio aplicado a otro: doble caso con un resultado de muerte / Factitious disorder imposed on another: double case with a result of death

Presentamos el caso fatal de un lactante intoxicado con tramadol, detectado en hueso después de 28 meses de intervalo posmortem, tras estudio ordenado por la fiscalía por síntomas similares en un hermano superviviente. Las intoxicaciones se produjeron durante su hospitalización por un síndrome convulsivo idiopático y refractario a tratamiento, en el contexto de un trastorno facticio aplicado a otro. Se analiza el modo de presentación del caso, la importancia del equipo de salud en la detección precoz y el enfoque médico-legal para el diagnóstico final (AU)

We present the fatal case of an infant intoxicated with Tramadol detected in bone after an interval of twenty-eight months post mortem, after study ordered by the prosecutor for similar symptoms in a surviving brother. Intoxications occurred during their hospitalization for an idiopathic, convulsive and refractory syndrome to treatment, in the context of a Factitious Disorder imposed on another. We analyze mode of presentation for the case, the importance of health team in early detection and forensic approach for final diagnosis (AU)

Introduction: Medicina Legal y Responsabilidad Médica / No disponible

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Los artículos científicos y su publicación / Scientific papers and their publication

La investigación en todas sus modalidades tiene como objetivo fundamental la publicación de información original que pueda ser asimilada por otros investigadores, que permita su repetición en condiciones similares y se difunda entre los diversos miembros de la comunidad intelectul. Uno de los motivos más fuertes para publicar en nuestros días se ha resumido con la célebre frase de "publicar o perecer", donde los profesionales en las diversas áreas del saber requieren publicar para darse a conocer y para mantener cierto prestigio dentro de su disciplina. Existe una necesidad de mantener informada a la comunidad científica de los progresos alcanzados en las diversas disciplinas mediante la investigación experimental y aplicada. De ahí que se torne indispensable que los autores de artículos científicos se orienten por normas definidas en la presentación y redacción de artículos, siguiendo los requisitos adecuados para su publicación. Cada comité editorial de una revista tiene sus propias normativas para aceptación de artículos, por lo tanto es necesario redactar de acuerdo a una estructura de contenido definida, que se adapte de manera general a normas interacionales, y luego revisar los requisitos que cada revista científica exija para cumplir con dichas estipulaciones. Actualmente existen en el mercado publicaciones que orientan a los autores en la confección de reportes técnicos, investigaciones, libros, artículos y correspondencia en general. Cada tipo de material bibliográfico requiere normas específicas para su organización y de su conocimiento y aplicación correctas dependerá el que las editoriales acepten o no un trabajo para su publicación. El presente trabajo describe algunos de los requisitos mínimos que un artículo científico debe contener para ser publicado y recomienda la revisión de las normas que presentan las revistas en las cuales se desea publicar. Se detalla la organización de un artículo: el título, los autores, el resumen, los descriptores, la introducción, la sección de materiales y métodos, la sección de resultados y la discusión, los agradecimientos, las referencias bibliográficas, las ilustraciones y los derechos de autor